Wddm2 -

WDDM 2.0 eliminated the middleman. Its cornerstone feature is , where the GPU gains its own per-process virtual address space, managed by a hardware Memory Management Unit (MMU) on the GPU.

Released alongside Windows 10 in 2015, the Windows Display Driver Model version 2.0 (WDDM 2.0) was not merely an incremental update. It was a fundamental re-architecture of how the operating system communicates with graphics hardware. While WDDM 1.x was designed for the era of single-GPU desktops and basic DWM (Desktop Window Manager) composition, WDDM 2.0 was built for a world of virtualization, low-overhead APIs, and memory-heavy workloads. WDDM 2

Introduction: A Driver Model for a New Era WDDM 2