Landis, B. N., & Lacroix, J. S. (2019). Eustachian tube function and dysfunction. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology , 276(8), 2145-2152.
The following methods are listed from least to most invasive. Patients should attempt them sequentially, stopping once a “pop” or relief is felt.
Arick, D. S., & Silman, S. (2017). Autoinflation for treatment of persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology , 28(4), 334-342. how to pop ear after flight
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Mirza, S., & Richardson, H. (2018). Otic barotrauma in commercial aviation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine , 89(3), 245-249. Landis, B
During a flight’s ascent, ambient pressure decreases, causing the middle ear pressure to become relatively higher than the cabin pressure—the eardrum bulges outward, and the Eustachian tube opens passively to release excess pressure. cabin pressure increases rapidly, compressing the middle ear air volume. The Eustachian tube, which collapses during increased external pressure, must be actively opened to allow high-pressure air from the nasopharynx to re-enter the middle ear. Failure to do so results in a relative vacuum in the middle ear, retracting the eardrum inward—the sensation of a “blocked” ear.
Post-flight ear discomfort, often described as a “plugged” or “muffled” sensation, results from a pressure differential between the middle ear cavity and the ambient environment. This condition, known as barotrauma or “airplane ear,” occurs when the Eustachian tube fails to equalize pressure during rapid altitude changes. This paper examines the physiological mechanisms behind ear barotrauma and provides a systematic, evidence-based review of safe and effective techniques to “pop” the ears following air travel. (2019)
The middle ear is an air-filled cavity separated from the external ear canal by the tympanic membrane (eardrum). The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx (back of the throat). Under normal conditions, this tube opens during swallowing, yawning, or jaw movement to equalize pressure.